RabbitMQ 支持多种语言访问，以 Java 为例看下一般使用 RabbitMQ 的步骤。

maven工程的pom文件中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.0</version>
</dependency>

消息生产者

package org.study.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        //设置 RabbitMQ 地址
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        //建立到代理服务器到连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        //获得信道
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        //声明交换器
        String exchangeName = "hello-exchange";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", true);

        String routingKey = "hola";
        //发布消息
        byte[] messageBodyBytes = "quit".getBytes();
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, messageBodyBytes);

        channel.close();
        conn.close();
    }
}

消息消费者

package org.study.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        //建立到代理服务器到连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        //获得信道
        final Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        //声明交换器
        String exchangeName = "hello-exchange";
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "direct", true);
        //声明队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        String routingKey = "hola";
        //绑定队列，通过键 hola 将队列和交换器绑定起来
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        while(true) {
            //消费消息
            boolean autoAck = false;
            String consumerTag = "";
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, autoAck, consumerTag, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                           Envelope envelope,
                                           AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                           byte[] body) throws IOException {
                    String routingKey = envelope.getRoutingKey();
                    String contentType = properties.getContentType();
                    System.out.println("消费的路由键：" + routingKey);
                    System.out.println("消费的内容类型：" + contentType);
                    long deliveryTag = envelope.getDeliveryTag();
                    //确认消息
                    channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
                    System.out.println("消费的消息体内容：");
                    String bodyStr = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println(bodyStr);

                }
            });
        }
    }
}

启动 RabbitMQ 服务器

./sbin/rabbitmq-server

运行 Consumer

先运行 Consumer ，这样当生产者发送消息的时候能在消费者后端看到消息记录。

运行 Producer

接着运行 Producer ,发布一条消息，在 Consumer 的控制台能看到接收的消息：